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健身爱好者,更需重视疫情防护|精练学院
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对于有长期运动习惯的人群,运动类型的选择应当:兼顾耐力和力量训练>纯耐力训练>纯力量训练,切忌不要挑战极限进行过度训练。一周控制在150分钟中等强度运动或者至少75分钟剧烈运动;
对于很少运动或者没有运动习惯的人群,从少量活动开始,随着时间的推进增加运动的持续时间、频率和强度,避免时间超过60分钟的久坐。当然做家务、爬楼梯、居家的肌肉力量训练,例如:下蹲、俯卧撑或者举矿泉水瓶都是不错的选择;[3]
对于已经感染新冠的人群,不做任何运动,新冠康复后根据身体情况,可以在进行全面身体检查后逐步恢复运动,可以从每日5—10分钟逐渐延长至30分钟。
[1] Holger Gabriel, Auswirkungen von Sport auf das Immunsystem, Notfall & Hausarztmedizin 2006; 32(8/09): 411-415, DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-951784[2] Matheus Pelinski da Silveira et al., Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature, Clin Exp Med. 2021; 21(1): 15–28. Published online 2020 Jul 29. doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3[3] 世界卫生组织, https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/be-active-during-covid-19#[4] Seung Won Lee ,1 Jinhee Lee, Physical activity and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe COVID-19 illness and COVID-19 related mortality in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study, Lee SW, et al. Br J Sports Med 2021;0:1–13. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-104203[5] D C Nieman, Is infection risk linked to exercise workload?, Med Sci Sports Exercise. 2000 Jul;32(7 Suppl):S406-11. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200007001-00005.[6] Raghav T Bhatia, Sarandeep Marwaha, Exercise in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) era: A Question and Answer session with the experts Endorsed by the section of Sports Cardiology & Exercise of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020 Aug 1; 27(12): 1242–1251. Published online 2020 Aug 1. doi: 10.1177/2047487320930596[7] Tee Joo Yeo, Sport and exercise during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020 Aug 1; 27(12): 1239–1241. Published online 2020 Aug 1. doi: 10.1177/2047487320933260[8] Warum COVID-19 auch für Leistungssportler gefährlich ist, Deutschlndfunk, 2022.12 Coronavirus - Warum COVID-19 auch für Leistungssportler gefährlich ist | deutschlandfunk.de[9] Lemes IR, Smaira FI, Ribeiro WJD Coalition SPORT-COVID-19, et al, Acute and post-acute COVID-19 presentations in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, British Journal of Sports Medicine 2022;56:941-947.[10] Pedersen BK, Hoffman-Goetz L. Exercise and the immune system: regulation integration and adaption. Physiol Rev. 2000;80(3):1055–1081. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1055. [11] Dela F, Mikines KJ, Von Linstow M, Galbo H. Heart rate and plasma catecholamines during 24 h of everyday life in trained and untrained men. J Appl Physiol. 1992;73(6):2389–2395. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1992.73.6.2389.[12] Malm C, Sjödin B, Sjöberg B, et al. Leukocytes, cytokines, growth factors and hormones in human skeletal muscle and blood after uphill or downhill running: leukocytes, cytokines and hormones in response to physical exercise. J Physiol. 2004;556(3):983–1000. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.056598.[13] Matthews CE, Ockene IS, Freedson PS, Rosal MC, Merriam PA, Hebert JR. Moderate to vigorous physical activity and risk of upper-respiratory tract infection. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(8):1242–1248. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200208000-00003. [14] Leandro CG, Castro RM, Nascimento E, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R. Adaptative mechanisms of the immune system in response to physical training. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2007;13(5):343–348. doi: 10.1590/S1517-86922007000500012. [15] Nieman DC, Wentz LM. The compelling link between physical activity and the body’s defense system. J Sport Health Sci. 2019;8(3):201–217. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009. [16] Walsh NP, Gleeson M, Pyne DB, et al. Position statement part two: maintaining immune health. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2011;17:64–103.[17] Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Stensel DJ, Lindley MR, Mastana SS, Nimmo MA. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(9):607–615. doi: 10.1038/nri3041. [18] Nieman DC. Coronavirus Disease-2019: a tocsin to our aging, unfit, corpulent, and immunodeficient society. J Sport Health Sci. 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.05.001. [19] Stephen A. Martin, Brandt D. Pence, and Jeffrey A. Woods .Exercise and Respiratory Tract Viral Infections[20] Coronavirus spreads through the air outside with shocking ease, study says,BGR, https://bgr.com/science/coronavirus-outdoors-exercise-social-distancing/
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